Algebraic Expressions
Learners use letters for unknowns and variables, write and evaluate expressions and formulas and combine like terms.
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Learners use letters for unknowns and variables, write and evaluate expressions and formulas and combine like terms.
Learners derive and use area formulas for triangles, parallelograms and trapezoids and find areas of composite shapes.
Learners find and compare the mean, median, mode and range of data sets and choose a suitable average.
The child reads and orders negative numbers in contexts such as temperature and finds differences across zero on a number line.
The child evaluates calculations with several operations and parentheses in the conventional order and writes numerical expressions for word problems.
The learner analyses how plots unfold, how characters change, how setting shapes events, how themes develop and how a narrator's point of view affects the reader.
The learner writes an argument with a clear claim, reasons and relevant evidence from credible sources, acknowledges and rebuts opposing claims and keeps a formal style.
The learner draws inferences from fiction and non-fiction, chooses the strongest evidence, embeds quotations and explains how they support a point.
The learner works out words from Greek and Latin roots and affixes, analyses connotation, analogies and allusions, and recognises verbal irony and puns.
The learner writes a multi-paragraph informative essay with a clear focus, grouped information, facts, definitions, quotations, precise words and a conclusion.
The learner uses a light microscope to observe and draw plant and animal cells, names the main cell structures and their jobs, and explains how cells form tissues, organs and organ systems.
The learner describes Earth's layers, explains continental drift and plate tectonics with evidence, and links plate boundaries to earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains and their hazards.
The learner describes energy stores and the ways energy is transferred, applies conservation of energy, calculates efficiency, and works out the cost of running appliances from power ratings.
The child describes the stages of human life from baby to old age and the body changes of puberty, with accurate vocabulary and reassurance that timing varies.
The learner distinguishes temperature from thermal energy, explains conduction, convection and radiation with the particle model, and evaluates insulation and thermal equilibrium.
The learner describes the composition and layers of the atmosphere, explains air pressure, winds, clouds and fronts, and reads weather maps and forecasts.
The learner describes the planets and other bodies of the Solar System and how it formed, the Sun as a star, galaxies and the scale of the universe in light years, and how we explore space.
The learner turns a question into a testable hypothesis, identifies independent, dependent and control variables, measures with suitable instruments and SI units, works safely in a lab, and presents and evaluates data.
The learner explains the Mandate of Heaven, compares the teachings of Confucius, Daoism and Legalism, and explains how the Qin unified China and how the Han empire governed, traded along the Silk Roads and invented…
The learner compares Greek city-states, explains Athenian democracy and citizenship, and describes Greek achievements in science, philosophy, theatre and the arts and their influence today.
The learner plans a personal budget, tracks income and spending, sets saving goals and decides between spending now and saving for later.
The child locates places with latitude and longitude, names the tropics and polar circles, and explains why the time differs around the world.
The learner explains scarcity, distinguishes needs, wants, goods and services, and uses opportunity cost to explain everyday choices by people, firms and governments.
The learner describes the physical regions, population, cities and economy of North America, and its links with the rest of the world.
The learner explains why the first cities and states arose in Mesopotamia, the Indus valley and early China, and what writing, law, trade and religion meant for them.
The learner uses sources as evidence, places events in chronological order and periods, and explains causes, consequences, change and continuity, significance and different interpretations.
The learner applies hygiene, sun safety, vaccination and screening to prevent illness, and knows how to use the local healthcare system.
The learner uses a decision-making model in health situations: names the decision and what influences it, generates options, weighs short- and long-term consequences for wellbeing, chooses and justifies an option,…
The learner expresses algorithms as flowcharts and structured pseudocode with sequence, selection and iteration, and traces them by hand.
The learner uses decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction and algorithm design to plan solutions to problems before coding them.
The learner manages their digital footprint and privacy settings, understands their data rights, and handles online conflict, misinformation and screen time.
The learner describes the main hardware components, explains how a program's instructions are stored and run by the processor, and the role of the operating system.
The learner recognises phishing, malware and weak passwords, uses multi-factor authentication and backups, and explains why updates matter.
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