Science: Physical Science – Grade K

When you look around your classroom or home, you see many different objects. Each object has special properties that you can observe using your senses. Observable properties are the things you can see, touch, and feel about an object.

Observable properties are the special features of objects that you can notice with your eyes and hands. These properties help you tell objects apart from each other. When you look at a red ball 🔴 and a blue block 🔵, you can see that they have different properties!

Size tells you how big or small something is. You can compare objects to see which ones are bigger and which ones are smaller. A basketball 🏀 is bigger than a marble, and an elephant 🐘 is bigger than a mouse 🐭. When you sort objects by size, you put all the big things together and all the small things together.

Practice Activity: Look around your room. Can you find something very big and something very small? Compare them with your hands!

Shape describes what an object looks like. Some common shapes you know are:

• Circle ⭕: Round like a ball or wheel
• Square ⬜: Has four equal sides like a window
• Triangle 🔺: Has three sides that come to a point
• Rectangle ⬛: Has four sides but two are longer than the others

When you sort objects by shape, you put all the round things together, all the square things together, and so on.

Color is one of the easiest properties to notice! Objects can be many different colors like red ❤️, blue 💙, green 💚, yellow 💛, and many more. Some objects have just one color, while others have many colors mixed together.

Fun Fact: Did you know that when you sort your crayons by color, you're being a scientist? You're organizing objects by their color property!

Temperature tells you if something feels hot or cold. You can feel temperature with your hands (but always ask a grown-up first if it's safe to touch!):

• Hot 🔥: Like soup that just came out of the microwave
• Cold ❄️: Like ice cubes or snow
• Warm ☀️: Like your hands when you rub them together
• Cool 🌙: Like the air on a nice spring day

Safety Note: Never touch something that might be too hot or too cold without asking an adult first!

Weight tells you if something feels heavy or light when you pick it up. You can compare objects by lifting them:

• Heavy objects are hard to lift, like a big book 📚 or a full backpack 🎒
• Light objects are easy to lift, like a feather 🪶 or a piece of paper 📄

When you help carry groceries, you might notice that some bags are heavier than others!

Texture describes how something feels when you touch it. There are many different textures:

• Smooth 🪞: Like glass or a mirror
• Rough 🪨: Like sandpaper or tree bark
• Bumpy 🏀: Like a basketball or orange peel
• Soft 🧸: Like a teddy bear or cotton
• Hard 🪨: Like a rock or wooden block

Sorting is like playing a matching game! You can sort objects in many fun ways:

1. Color Sort: Put all the red objects in one pile, all the blue objects in another pile
2. Size Sort: Make a line from smallest to biggest
3. Shape Sort: Group all the round things together, all the square things together
4. Texture Sort: Put all the smooth things in one box, all the rough things in another

Try This: Look at your toys. Can you sort them by color? By size? By what they're made of? There are so many ways to sort!

Sorting helps you:

• Organize your things so you can find them easily
• Compare objects to see how they're the same and different
• Learn about the world around you
• Practice being a scientist by observing and organizing

When you sort your clothes by color or your books by size, you're using the same skills that scientists use every day!

Every day you change the shape of materials around you! When you fold your clothes, crumple up paper, or play with clay, you're making the materials look different. Let's explore all the exciting ways you can change the shape of different materials.

Changing shape means making something look different than it did before. The important thing to remember is that the material stays the same - only the shape changes! If you have a piece of paper 📄 and you fold it into a paper airplane ✈️, you still have the same paper, but now it looks different.

Think About This: When you make a snowball ⛄ from loose snow, you're changing the shape of the snow, but it's still snow!

Paper is one of the best materials for learning about shape changes because you can change it in so many ways:

Cutting ✂️: When you use scissors to cut paper, you're making new shapes. You might cut out circles, squares, or even make paper snowflakes! The pieces of paper are smaller now, but they're still paper.

Tearing 📝: Sometimes you don't need scissors - you can tear paper with your hands! When you tear paper, you get pieces with rough, jagged edges. This is different from cutting, which gives you smooth edges.

Crumpling 🗞️: When you crumple paper, you're making it into a ball or wrinkled shape. The paper gets smaller and has lots of creases and folds. You can try to smooth it out again, but it won't look exactly the same as before.

Folding 🎋: Folding paper is like making creases that help it keep a new shape. You can fold paper in half, make fans, or create origami animals. The paper stays in its new shape because of the fold lines.

Try This: Take a piece of paper and try each of these ways to change its shape. Notice how the paper looks different each time!

Clay and play dough are special materials that are easy to change and reshape:

Rolling 🏃: When you roll clay, you can make it into a long snake shape or flatten it like a pancake. You can use your hands or a rolling pin to do this.

Smashing 💥: When you smash clay, you can make it flat or change its shape completely. This is fun to do with your hands or even with a toy hammer!

Molding 🏺: Molding means shaping clay into something specific, like a bowl, a ball, or an animal. You can use your fingers to pinch and shape the clay.

Stretching 🤲: Some clay can be stretched to make it longer and thinner. You can pull it gently to see how far it will stretch before it breaks.

Fun Activity: Make a ball of clay, then see how many different shapes you can make from the same piece of clay!

Many other materials around you can change shape too:

Aluminum Foil 🍽️: You can crumple foil, fold it, or shape it around objects. It's shiny and makes interesting sounds when you change its shape!

Fabric 👕: When you fold your clothes or scrunch up a towel, you're changing the shape of fabric. Fabric is soft and flexible, so it can take many different shapes.

Yarn or String 🧶: You can make yarn straight, coil it into circles, or tie it into knots. Each way makes a different shape!

Even though the shape changes, some things about the material stay exactly the same:

• The color doesn't change
• The material is still the same (paper is still paper, clay is still clay)
• The amount of material is usually the same (you might have the same amount of clay, just in a different shape)

Some shape changes can be undone, and some cannot:

Reversible Changes 🔄: These are changes you can undo

• Folding paper (you can unfold it)
• Shaping clay (you can reshape it)
• Crumpling aluminum foil (you can smooth it out somewhat)

Non-Reversible Changes ❌: These are changes you cannot undo

• Cutting paper (you can't "uncut" it)
• Tearing paper (you can't make it whole again)
• Some clay changes (if it dries out or hardens)

You can use different tools to help change the shape of materials:

• Your hands 🙌: The best tool for squishing, rolling, and folding
• Scissors ✂️: For cutting paper and other materials
• Rolling pin 🥖: For making clay flat
• Cookie cutters 🍪: For making specific shapes in clay
• Stamps 📮: For making patterns on soft materials

When you're changing the shape of materials, remember to:

• Ask an adult for help with scissors or other sharp tools
• Keep your workspace clean
• Wash your hands after playing with clay
• Be gentle with materials so they don't break unexpectedly

Shape changing happens all around you:

• Bakers roll dough to make cookies 🍪
• Artists shape clay to make sculptures 🎨
• You crumple paper to throw it in the trash 🗑️
• Your parents fold clothes to put them away 👔
• Construction workers bend metal to build buildings 🏗️

1. Paper Airplane Challenge: Make different paper airplanes and see which shapes fly the best
2. Clay Creations: Make the same amount of clay into as many different shapes as possible
3. Texture Rubbings: Put paper over textured surfaces and rub with a crayon to change the paper's appearance
4. Folding Fun: See how many times you can fold a piece of paper in half

Remember, every time you change the shape of a material, you're doing science! You're learning about how matter behaves and how you can transform it into something new and interesting.

Every sound you hear comes from something that vibrates! Vibration is the secret behind all the sounds in your world. Let's explore this amazing connection between vibration and sound.

Vibration means moving back and forth very quickly. When something vibrates, it moves in tiny, fast movements that you might not even be able to see clearly. Think of vibration like shaking, but much faster and smaller.

Easy Example: When you shake a maraca 🪘, the beads inside move back and forth quickly. This vibration makes the sound you hear!

Sometimes you can actually see things vibrating:

Rubber Band Guitar 🎸: Stretch a rubber band and pluck it. Watch carefully - you can see the rubber band moving back and forth! This moving is vibration, and it makes the sound you hear.

Drum Experiment 🥁: If you have a drum, hit it gently and watch the surface. You might see it moving up and down quickly. You can even put a few pieces of rice on the drum - when you hit it, the rice will jump around because of the vibrations!

Tuning Fork 🎵: If you have a tuning fork, strike it and hold it close to your ear. Then touch it lightly to a table - you'll hear the sound get louder because the table vibrates too!

You can feel vibrations with your hands:

Humming 🎵: Put your hand on your throat and hum a song. Do you feel the tickling? That's your vocal cords vibrating to make the sound!

Speaker Test 🔊: If you have a speaker or radio, turn on some music and gently place your hand on it. You can feel the vibrations that are making the sound!

Purring Cat 🐱: If you have a cat, when it purrs, you can feel the vibrations in its body. The cat is making its body vibrate to create that happy purring sound!

When different objects vibrate, they make different sounds:

Big Objects 🎼: Usually make low, deep sounds (like a big drum or a large bell) Small Objects 🎵: Usually make high, light sounds (like a small bell or a whistle) Thick Objects 🎶: Often make low sounds (like a thick rubber band) Thin Objects 🎶: Often make high sounds (like a thin rubber band)

You can make things vibrate to create sounds:

Clapping 👏: When you clap your hands together, your hands hit and create vibrations in the air. These vibrations travel to your ears as sound.

Stomping 👟: When you stomp your feet, you make the floor vibrate. Sometimes you can even feel the vibrations through your feet!

Blowing 💨: When you blow air through your lips to make a "raspberry" sound, you're making your lips vibrate!

Humming 🎵: When you hum, you're making parts inside your throat vibrate to create the sound.

When something vibrates, it pushes the air around it. The air moves in invisible waves that travel to your ears. This is how you can hear sounds from far away!

Think About This: When you hear thunder ⛈️, it's because lightning made the air vibrate far away, and those vibrations traveled through the air to reach your ears.

Water Glass Music 🥤: Fill glasses with different amounts of water and gently tap them with a spoon. Each glass will make a different sound because the water changes how the glass vibrates!

Kazoo Creation 🎺: Make a simple kazoo by humming into a cardboard tube with wax paper over one end. Your humming makes the wax paper vibrate!

Ruler Vibration 📏: Hold a ruler on the edge of a table so part of it hangs over. Push down and let go - you'll see and hear the ruler vibrate!

Balloon Sounds 🎈: Blow up a balloon and let the air out slowly while stretching the opening. The rubber vibrates and makes funny sounds!

Animals make sounds through vibration too:

Birds 🐦: Have special parts in their throats that vibrate to make their songs Cats 🐱: Make their whole body vibrate when they purr Dogs 🐕: Have vocal cords that vibrate when they bark Bees 🐝: Make buzzing sounds by vibrating their wings very fast Crickets 🦗: Rub their legs together to make vibrations that create their chirping sounds

All musical instruments make sound through vibration:

String Instruments 🎻: Like violin, guitar, and piano - the strings vibrate Wind Instruments 🎺: Like flute, trumpet, and recorder - the air inside vibrates Percussion Instruments 🥁: Like drums, cymbals, and maracas - the surface vibrates

Your voice is a special musical instrument! When you talk or sing:

1. Air from your lungs travels up your throat
2. The air makes parts called vocal cords vibrate
3. The vibrations create sound waves
4. The sound waves travel through the air to other people's ears

Try This: Put your hand on your throat and say "Ahhhh" in a high voice, then a low voice. Feel how the vibrations change!

The amount of vibration affects how loud or quiet a sound is:

• Small vibrations = quiet sounds 🤫
• Big vibrations = loud sounds 📢

Example: If you tap a drum lightly, it makes small vibrations and a quiet sound. If you hit it hard, it makes big vibrations and a loud sound!

Remember that very loud sounds can hurt your ears:

• Cover your ears if sounds are too loud
• Don't shout directly into someone's ear
• Ask adults to help with loud experiments
• Take breaks from loud noises

What's really happening when you hear a sound:

1. Something vibrates (like a bell or your vocal cords)
2. The vibration pushes air molecules back and forth
3. This creates sound waves that travel through the air
4. The sound waves reach your ears
5. Your ears send signals to your brain
6. Your brain understands the signal as sound

Look and listen for vibrations everywhere:

• The washing machine vibrates and makes humming sounds
• Your phone vibrates when it rings
• Wind makes trees vibrate and rustle
• Your stomach sometimes vibrates when it rumbles
• Car engines vibrate to make their sounds

Remember: Every sound you hear comes from something vibrating! Next time you hear a sound, try to figure out what is vibrating to make it. This makes you a sound scientist! 🔬🎵

Motion is all around you! Every day you see, feel, and experience different types of motion. Let's investigate and discover all the amazing ways that objects can move.

Motion happens when something changes its position. If you put a toy car on one side of the table and then it's on the other side, it has moved - that's motion! Motion is the change from being in one place to being in another place.

Simple Example: When you walk from your bedroom to the kitchen, you are in motion! You started in one place and ended up in another place.

One of the first things you notice about motion is speed - how fast or slow something moves:

Fast Motion 💨:

• A cheetah running 🐆
• A race car speeding 🏎️
• A ball flying through the air ⚾
• An airplane in the sky ✈️
• You running to catch a bus 🏃

Slow Motion 🐌:

• A turtle walking 🐢
• A snail crawling 🐌
• A clock hand moving ⏰
• Ice melting 🧊
• A flower growing 🌸

Try This: Walk across the room as fast as you can, then walk across as slowly as you can. Notice how different the two types of motion feel!

Objects don't just move fast or slow - they can move in different directions:

Straight Line Motion ➡️:

• A train moving on tracks 🚂
• A ball rolling down a hallway
• You walking down a straight sidewalk
• An arrow flying to a target 🎯

Curved Motion 🌙:

• A ball bouncing ⚽
• A swing going back and forth 🪀
• A car going around a corner 🚗
• Water flowing in a stream 💧

Circular Motion 🔄:

• A merry-go-round spinning 🎠
• A wheel turning 🎡
• A top spinning 🌀
• The Earth going around the sun 🌍

Up and Down Motion ⬆️⬇️:

• A bouncing ball 🏀
• An elevator going up and down 🏢
• A yo-yo moving 🪀
• A bird flying up to a tree 🐦

You can compare how different objects move:

Race Experiments 🏁:

• Roll different balls down a ramp - which one is fastest?
• Have toy cars race - which one goes the farthest?
• Drop different objects (safely) - which one hits the ground first?

Movement Observation 👀:

• Watch a car and a bicycle - which moves faster?
• Compare a walking person and a running person
• Observe an ant and a caterpillar - how do their movements differ?

With Your Body 🤸:

• Walking: Moving forward step by step
• Running: Moving forward quickly
• Jumping: Moving up and down
• Spinning: Turning around in circles
• Crawling: Moving forward on hands and knees
• Skipping: Moving forward with a bouncing step
• Hopping: Moving forward on one foot

With Objects 🎲:

• Rolling: Like a ball or wheel
• Sliding: Like a book across a table
• Bouncing: Like a rubber ball
• Swinging: Like a pendulum
• Floating: Like a leaf on water
• Falling: Like a dropped object

Learning words that describe motion helps you talk about what you see:

Speed Words:

• Fast, slow, quick, sluggish, speedy, gradual

Direction Words:

• Forward, backward, left, right, up, down, around

Type Words:

• Straight, curved, circular, zigzag, wobbly, smooth

Motion can change in different ways:

Starting Motion 🚦:

• A car starting when the light turns green
• A ball beginning to roll when you push it
• A bird taking off from a branch

Stopping Motion 🛑:

• A car stopping at a red light
• A ball stopping when it hits a wall
• A swing stopping when no one pushes it

Changing Direction 🔄:

• A car turning a corner
• A ball bouncing off a wall
• A butterfly changing direction while flying

Motion can feel different depending on the surface:

Smooth Motion 🛼:

• A car driving on a smooth road
• Ice skating on smooth ice
• A ball rolling on a smooth floor

Bumpy Motion 🪨:

• A car driving on a rocky road
• Walking on a bumpy sidewalk
• A ball rolling on grass

Nature is full of amazing motion:

Animals 🦋:

• Birds flying in different patterns
• Fish swimming in schools
• Butterflies fluttering
• Horses galloping

Weather 🌪️:

• Clouds moving across the sky
• Rain falling down
• Wind blowing leaves
• Snow drifting

Plants 🌻:

• Flowers turning toward the sun
• Trees swaying in the wind
• Grass bending

Red Light, Green Light 🚦:

• Practice starting and stopping motion
• Learn to control your speed

Follow the Leader 👥:

• Copy different types of motion
• Practice moving in different directions

Motion Charades 🎭:

• Act out different types of motion
• Guess what type of motion others are showing

Obstacle Course 🏃:

• Practice different types of motion
• Go fast, slow, around, over, and under

Many toys demonstrate different types of motion:

Wheels 🛞:

• Toy cars, trucks, and bicycles roll
• Wheels make smooth, continuous motion

Balls ⚽:

• Bounce, roll, and fly through the air
• Can move in many directions

Tops 🌀:

• Spin in circular motion
• Can spin fast or slow

Yo-yos 🪀:

• Move up and down
• Demonstrate back and forth motion

When observing and experimenting with motion, remember:

• Always look both ways before crossing streets
• Wear helmets when riding bikes or scooters
• Be careful around moving objects
• Ask adults for help with motion experiments
• Stay away from fast-moving vehicles

You can measure and compare motion:

Distance 📏:

• How far did the object move?
• Use steps, hand spans, or rulers to measure

Time ⏱️:

• How long did it take to move?
• Count seconds or use a timer

Speed 🏃:

• How fast did it move?
• Fast objects cover more distance in less time

Motion is everywhere in your daily life:

At Home 🏠:

• Ceiling fans spinning
• Washing machines moving
• Doors opening and closing
• Water flowing from faucets

At School 🏫:

• Children running on playgrounds
• Swings moving back and forth
• Balls bouncing in games
• Pencils moving across paper

In Transportation 🚌:

• Cars driving on roads
• Buses stopping and starting
• Airplanes flying overhead
• Boats moving on water

1. Ramp Races 🏁: Roll different objects down a ramp and see which moves fastest
2. Motion Drawings 🖍️: Draw pictures while moving - see how motion changes your art
3. Shadow Dancing 💃: Move your body and watch how your shadow moves too
4. Motion Scavenger Hunt 🔍: Find examples of fast, slow, circular, and straight motion
5. Balloon Rockets 🎈: Blow up balloons and let them go - observe their motion

You can keep track of the motion you observe:

• Draw pictures of objects moving
• Make lists of fast and slow things
• Count how many steps it takes to cross a room
• Time how long it takes to walk somewhere

Remember, motion is all around you! Every time you see something move, you're observing science in action. Keep watching, questioning, and exploring the amazing world of motion! 🌟

Forces are all around you! Every time you push or pull something, you're using a force to change how it moves. Let's explore these amazing invisible powers that can make objects start moving, stop moving, or change direction.

A force is a push or a pull. Forces are invisible - you can't see them, but you can see what they do! When you push a toy car and it moves, the push is the force, and the moving car is what the force did.

Think of it this way: Forces are like invisible hands that can:

• Make things start moving
• Make things stop moving
• Make things change direction
• Make things move faster or slower

A push force happens when you press against something to move it away from you:

Examples of Pushing 👐:

• Pushing a door open
• Pushing a shopping cart 🛒
• Pushing a swing to make it go
• Pushing a ball to make it roll ⚽
• Pushing toothpaste out of a tube 🦷
• Pushing buttons on a toy 🎮

Try This: Put your hands on a wall and push. Even though the wall doesn't move, you're still using a push force!

A pull force happens when you grab something and move it toward you:

Examples of Pulling 🤲:

• Pulling a door open
• Pulling a wagon 🛴
• Pulling a rope in tug-of-war 🪢
• Pulling a zipper up or down
• Pulling weeds from the ground 🌱
• Pulling a blanket up to your chin 🛏️

Try This: Grab a stuffed animal and pull it toward you. Feel how you're using your muscles to create the pull force!

When something is sitting still, it stays still until a force acts on it:

From Still to Moving 🚀:

• A ball sitting on the ground won't move until you kick it (push force)
• A toy car won't move until you push it or pull it
• A swing won't move until someone pushes it
• A door won't open until someone pushes or pulls it

Experiment: Put a pencil on your desk. It will stay there forever until you use a force to move it!

When something is moving, forces can make it stop:

From Moving to Still 🛑:

• A rolling ball stops when it hits a wall (the wall pushes back)
• A spinning top stops when friction (a force) slows it down
• A swing stops when someone catches it (pull force)
• A car stops when the driver uses the brakes (push force)

Try This: Roll a ball across the floor. It will eventually stop because the floor creates a force called friction that slows it down.

Forces can make moving objects change which way they're going:

Changing Direction 🔄:

• A ball bouncing off a wall changes direction
• A car turning a corner (the steering wheel creates forces)
• A pinball bouncing off bumpers
• A hockey puck bouncing off the sides of the rink 🏒

Fun Activity: Bounce a ball against a wall. The wall pushes back on the ball, making it change direction and come back to you!

Forces can make objects move faster or slower:

Making Things Faster ⚡:

• Pushing a swing harder makes it go faster
• Kicking a ball harder makes it go faster
• Pushing a toy car harder makes it go faster

Making Things Slower 🐌:

• Gently catching a ball slows it down
• Putting your hand on a spinning top slows it down
• Friction from the ground slows down a rolling ball

Your body is amazing at creating forces:

Arms and Hands 💪:

• Push doors open
• Pull drawers out
• Throw balls
• Catch objects

Legs and Feet 🦵:

• Push against the ground when you walk
• Kick balls
• Jump (push against the ground)
• Pedal bicycles

Whole Body 🤸:

• Push against the ground to stand up
• Pull yourself up stairs
• Lean into the wind

You use forces constantly throughout your day:

Getting Ready 🌅:

• Pull covers off your bed
• Push toothpaste out of the tube
• Pull clothes from drawers
• Push arms through sleeves

At School 🏫:

• Push and pull doors
• Pull books out of backpacks
• Push pencils across paper
• Pull chairs out from desks

Playing 🎮:

• Push buttons on games
• Pull toy cars backward to make them go
• Push swings
• Pull jump ropes

Forces can be big or small:

Small Forces 🤏:

• Picking up a feather
• Pushing a button
• Pulling a tissue from a box
• Moving a piece of paper

Big Forces 💪:

• Pushing a heavy box
• Pulling a full wagon
• Kicking a soccer ball hard
• Moving furniture

Important: Sometimes small forces can do big things if you use them for a long time!

Sometimes multiple forces work on the same object:

Helpful Forces 🤝:

• Two people pushing a heavy box together
• Multiple people pulling in tug-of-war
• Wind helping push a sailboat

Competing Forces ⚔️:

• Tug-of-war with people pulling in opposite directions
• Wind pushing against you while you walk
• Friction slowing down a ball while you're trying to keep it rolling

Animals create forces just like you do:

Animal Examples 🐾:

• Dogs pulling on leashes
• Birds pushing against air with their wings
• Fish pushing against water with their fins
• Elephants pushing trees with their heads 🐘
• Cats pulling on toys with their paws

Balloon Rocket 🎈:

1. Blow up a balloon
2. Let it go
3. Watch how the air pushing out makes the balloon move in the opposite direction

Friction Test 🛷:

1. Slide a book across a smooth table
2. Slide the same book across carpet
3. Notice how the carpet creates more friction (force) that slows the book down

Push vs. Pull 🪑:

1. Try moving a chair by pushing it
2. Try moving the same chair by pulling it
3. Which feels easier? Why?

Ramp Forces 🛝:

1. Roll a ball down a ramp
2. Try to roll it up the ramp
3. Notice how gravity (a force) makes it easier to go down than up

When experimenting with forces, remember:

• Use appropriate force for the size of the object
• Don't push or pull too hard on delicate things
• Be careful not to push or pull other people roughly
• Ask for help with heavy objects
• Watch out for your fingers when pushing and pulling

Vehicles use forces to move:

Cars 🚗:

• Engine creates forces to turn wheels
• Brakes create forces to stop
• Steering wheel creates forces to change direction

Bicycles 🚲:

• Your legs create forces to pedal
• Hand brakes create forces to stop
• Handlebars create forces to turn

Boats 🛥️:

• Motors create forces to push through water
• Oars create forces when you row
• Wind creates forces on sails

Some forces work without touching:

Gravity 🌍:

• Pulls everything toward the ground
• Makes things fall down
• Keeps you from floating away

Magnetism 🧲:

• Magnets can pull metal objects without touching them
• Magnets can push other magnets away
• Compass needles are pulled by Earth's magnetic force

Learning force words helps you describe what you see:

Action Words:

• Push, pull, kick, throw, catch, lift, carry, drag

Result Words:

• Start, stop, speed up, slow down, change direction, bounce

Strength Words:

• Strong, weak, gentle, hard, soft, powerful, light

Keep track of forces you see and use:

• Draw pictures of yourself pushing and pulling
• Make lists of things that are easy or hard to move
• Count how many pushes it takes to move something
• Notice which forces make things move fastest

1. Force Scavenger Hunt 🔍: Find 10 examples of pushes and 10 examples of pulls
2. Strength Test 💪: See how far you can push or pull different objects
3. Direction Game 🎯: Try to change the direction of a rolling ball using only forces
4. Stop and Start 🚦: Practice making objects start and stop using different forces

Remember: Forces are invisible powers that you use every day! Every time you push or pull something, you're using forces to change how objects move. Keep experimenting and observing - you're doing real science! 🔬⚡